Meningitis

Meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges, which can be caused by viruses, fungi, or bacteria. It can affect people of all ages, though children and adolescents are particularly at risk.

Types of meningitis

Fungal meningitis

• Rare, but serious
• Affects immunocompromised people (e.g., HIV)
• Treatment: high-dose antifungals 

Viral meningitis 

• The most common form, caused by enteroviruses
• Flu-like symptoms
• It often resolves on its own

Bacterial meningitis

• The most severe form, caused by meningococcus or pneumococcus
• Medical emergency: can be fatal without immediate antibiotic treatment.

How is meningitis transmitted?

Transmission methods vary depending on the pathogen. 

• Saliva droplets (from coughing, sneezing, kissing)
• Close contacts and overcrowded environment
• Pre-existing ENT infections (sinusitis, ear infections)
• Healthy carriers who spread the bacteria without showing symptoms

Risk factors 

• Precarious living conditions
• Lack of vaccination
• Weakened immune systems 

What are the symptoms of meningitis?

Symptoms should be managed immediately. 

In adults and children

• High fever
• Stiff neck
• Severe headaches
• Photophobia (sensitivity to light)
• Mental confusion, seizures
• Vomiting

In infants 

• Bulging fontanelle
• Irritability, continuous crying
• Difficulty feeding
• Rigid or floppy body 

Without prompt treatment, meningitis can lead to serious neurological complications or be fatal.